LDL increase risk of atherosclerosis.

• Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are a significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis.
• the process begins with the formation of foam cells.
• Increased levels of cholesterol over prolonged periods lead to the accumulation of LDL particles in the arterial walls.
• These LDL particles undergo oxidation, attracting monocytes (a type of white blood cell) to the site. The monocytes migrate into the intima (the inner lining of the artery) and differentiate into macrophages, which engulf the oxidized LDL, transforming into foam cells.

• The accumulation of foam cells contributes to the formation of fatty streaks, which are the initial lesions in atherosclerosis.

• Over time, these fatty streaks can progress to more advanced plaques, leading to reduced arterial elasticity and narrowed blood vessels, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular event