1. Enzymes do not affect equilibrium of chemical reaction.
  2. Km and Vmax in competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibition
  3. Catalytic constant and catalytic efficiency
  4. Difference between feedback regulation and feedback inhibition
  5. Explain different types of isoenzymes and isoforms of Creatine Kinase in humans. Describe principle of measurement of CK-MB by catalytic method and mass method. Why the catalytic method generally contain N-acetyl cysteine, AMP and diadenosine-pentaphosphate
  6. Single molecule enzymology
  7. Describe biochemical structure of bacterial cell wall and give overview of its synthesis. How does it differ in Gram positive and negative organisms.
  8. Describe biochemical mechanism of action of antibiotics affecting bacterial cell wall. Explain biochemical strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance to these antibiotics.
  9. Explain mechanism of autoimmune disease following bacterial infection and immune-mediated hypersensitivity to antibiotics
  10. Molar absorptivity of NADH and calculation of enzyme factors
  11. Recombinant fusion proteins in affinity chromatography purification of proteins
  12. artifacts from RNA world
  13. Compare and contrast five Basic Local Alignment Search Tools (BLAST)
  14. Cytochrome P-450
  15. Overview of amino acid metabolism
  16. Membrane asymmetry
  17. specialized plasma membranes
  18. Structure of K+ channel and selectivity
  19. Structure and function of clathrin coated vesicles
  20. Group 1 and group 2 hormones
  21. Regulation of gene expression by class 1 hormones
  22. G protein coupled receptors
  23. Phospholipase C mediated second messenger system
  24. Insulin signaling -
  25. Nuclear receptor superfamily
  26. Sources of free radicals and tissue damages caused by them
  27. Antioxidents can be pro-oxidents
  28. COP 1, COP2 and clathrin coated vesicles
  29. Lectins
  30. Role of dolichol in synthesis of N-linked glycoprotein
  31. GPI anchored proteind
  32. Biochemical mechanism of bone resorption in ostoclast
  33. Molecular organization in cartilages
  34. Metabolism and function of nitrogen oxide
  35. alpha-1 antitrypsin function and deficiency
  36. genetics of ABO blood groups
  37. Metabolism of RBC
  38. Important reactions related to oxidative stress in various cells
  39. RBC cytoskeleton and hereditary spherocytosis
  40. Respiratory burst in neutrophils and related disorders
  41. Role of NADPH oxidase and myeloperoxidase in neutrophils
  42. Properties of cytochrome P450
  43. Various types of type-2 reactions in metabolism of xenobiotics
  44. Xenobiotic mediated cell inury
  45. Mitochondrial theory of aging
  46. Role of protein glycation in protein-protein crosslinking
  47. Metabolic theory of aging
  48. Telomere – structure, function and its replication
  49. Ames test for detection of carcinogens
  50. Oncogenes
  51. Biochemical basis of apoptosis
  52. Biochemical aspects of metastasis
  53. Explain leuminescence, chemileuminescence, bioleuminesence, enhanced chemileuminesence, and electrochemileuminesence
  54. Dietary reference intake
  55. Shotgun sequencing
  56. Ethics in medical laboratory
  57. Principle of electrochemileuminesence
  58. Cost minimization, cost-benifit, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis for laboratory tests
  59. Various types of blood collection tubes for serum separation
  60. Lactic acidosis – causes and biochemical basis of expected results of various laboratory examination
  61. Causes and biochemical basis of expected results of various laboratory examination in diabetic ketoacidosis
  62. Biochemical basis of expected results of Blood gas analysis in severe emphysema
  63. Biochemical basis of expected results of various laboratory examination in renal tubular acidosis
  64. Capillary blood sampling – methods and uses
  65. Types questions clinicians try to answer by requesting laboratory examinations
  66. Voltametry in clinical chemistry
  67. Types of bilirubin in plasma and its detection by various methods
  68. Limitations of use of SI units in clinical chemistry
  69. Blunt end recombination of DNA
  70. Describe detailed process map of blood sample centrifugation. Identify risks involved in the process and possible steps to mitigate them.
  71. Clinical Chemistry
  72. Ethical issues in clinical chemistry
  73. Principles, advantages,disadvantages, clinical interpretation** of various methods for measurement of ALT, AST, Amylase, LDH, CKMB, Psudocholinesterase, ALP, Lipase, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, Glucose,Cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, iron, TIBC HbA1C, Bilirubin, TSH, T4, Free T4, Other hormones and tumor markers]]
  74. Describe genetics, clinical significance,methods for determinations, reference intervals for serum alkaline phosphatase
  75. Current applications of tumor markers and their limitations
  76. Current recommendations on use of tumor markers
  77. Enzymes as tumor markers
  78. Screening for urine microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus
  79. Describe formation of creatinine in body Describe salient features of chemical and enzymatic methods for serum creatinine measurement. Give account of quality issues in creatinine measurement. List advantages and disadvantages of markers of GFR. Explain use of IDMS traceable MDRD equation for estimating GFR from serum creatinine.