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techniques [2023/10/29 17:31] – quality_managertechniques [2025/01/08 16:15] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 3. Draw diagram of a spectrophotometer. How double-beam-in-time spectrophotometer differ from double-beam-in-space spectrophotometer 3. Draw diagram of a spectrophotometer. How double-beam-in-time spectrophotometer differ from double-beam-in-space spectrophotometer
  
-4. Light sources in analytical equipments+4. Light sources in analytical equipments 
  
-5. Spectral isolation in optical analytical equipments+5. Spectral isolation in optical analytical equipments
  
-6. Wavelengh accuracy, spectral band width, stray light and photometric accuracy of optical analytical equipments+6. Wavelengh accuracy, spectral band width, stray light and photometric accuracy of optical analytical equipments
  
-7. Principle, instrumentation and use of atomic absorption spectrometry in clinical chemistry+7. Principle, instrumentation and use of atomic absorption spectrometry in clinical chemistry
  
-8. Zeeman correction in atomic absorption spectrometry+8. Zeeman correction in atomic absorption spectrometry
  
-9. Principle of flurometry and fluroscence polarization+9. Principle of flurometry and fluroscence polarization
  
-10. Components of flurometric equipment+10. Components of flurometric equipment
  
-11. Principles of Luminecence, bioluminecence, chemiluminecence, enhanced chemileuminecence and electrochemileuminicence+11. Principles of Luminecence, bioluminecence, chemiluminecence, enhanced chemileuminecence and electrochemileuminicence
  
-12. Principle and instrumentation of nephelometry and turbidimetry+12. Principle and instrumentation of nephelometry and turbidimetry
  
-13. Potentiometry using Ion selective electrodes for H+, Na+, K+ and Cl-+13. Potentiometry using Ion selective electrodes for H+, Na+, K+ and Cl-
  
-14. Potentiometry electrodes for pCO2+14. Potentiometry electrodes for pCO2
  
-15. Amperometric electrode for pO2+15. Amperometric electrode for pO2
  
-16. Amperometric O2 based and H2O2 based glucose electrodes+16. Amperometric O2 based and H2O2 based glucose electrodes 
 + 
 +17. Potentiometric enzyme electrode for blood urea 
 + 
 +18. Biosensors – enzyme based and affinity based 
 + 
 +19. Affinity sensors for specific protein and DNA detection 
 + 
 +20. Electrophoresis support media 
 + 
 +21. Isoelectric focusing 
 + 
 +22. Principle of SDS PAGE
  
-17. Potentiometric enzyme electrode for blood urea 
-18. Biosensors – enzyme based and affinity based 
-19. Affinity sensors for specific protein and DNA detection 
-20. Electrophoresis support media 
-21. Isoelectric focusing 
-22. Principle of SDS PAGE 
 23. Troubleshooting SDS PAGE 23. Troubleshooting SDS PAGE
 +
 24. Principle, instrumentation and uses of capillary electrophoresis 24. Principle, instrumentation and uses of capillary electrophoresis
 +
 25. Microchip electrophoresis 25. Microchip electrophoresis
 +
 26. Separation mechanisms used in chromatography 26. Separation mechanisms used in chromatography
 +
 27. Size exclusion chromatography 27. Size exclusion chromatography
 +
 28. Affinity chromatography 28. Affinity chromatography
 +
 29. Explain chromatographic resolution and efficiency 29. Explain chromatographic resolution and efficiency
 +
 30. Instrumentation of HPLC 30. Instrumentation of HPLC
 +
 31. HPLC sample injector 31. HPLC sample injector
 +
 32. HPLC columns 32. HPLC columns
 +
 33. HPLC detectors 33. HPLC detectors
 +
 34. Instrumentation of Gas Chromatography 34. Instrumentation of Gas Chromatography
 +
 35. GC detectors 35. GC detectors
 +
 36. Principle of electron and chemical ionization in mass spectrometer 36. Principle of electron and chemical ionization in mass spectrometer
 +
 37. Electrospray Ionization for mass spectrometry 37. Electrospray Ionization for mass spectrometry
 +
 38. MALDI mass spectrometry 38. MALDI mass spectrometry
 +
 39. Principles of various mass analysers for mass spectrometry 39. Principles of various mass analysers for mass spectrometry
 +
 40. Quadruple mass analysers 40. Quadruple mass analysers
 +
 41. Magnetic sector mass analysers 41. Magnetic sector mass analysers
 +
 42. TOF mass analysers 42. TOF mass analysers
 +
 43. Quadrupole and linear ion trap mass analysers 43. Quadrupole and linear ion trap mass analysers
 +
 44. Tandom mass spectrometry 44. Tandom mass spectrometry
 +
 45. Clinical applications of mass spectrometer 45. Clinical applications of mass spectrometer
-46. Define isoenzymes. Explain genetic origin of isoenzymes. Enlist non-genetic modifications of enzymes resulting in isoforms.+ 
 +46. Define isoenzymes. Explain genetic origin of isoenzymes. Enlist non-genetic modifications of enzymes  
 +resulting in isoforms. 
 47. Measurement of enzymes by reaction rates 47. Measurement of enzymes by reaction rates
 +
 48. Strategy for detection of above-linearity range ALT in automated chemistry analysers 48. Strategy for detection of above-linearity range ALT in automated chemistry analysers
 +
 49. Traceability of enzyme measurement 49. Traceability of enzyme measurement
 +
 50. Enzymes as analytical reagents 50. Enzymes as analytical reagents
 +
 51. Monoclonal antibody productions 51. Monoclonal antibody productions
 +
 52. Labeled immunochemical assays 52. Labeled immunochemical assays
 +
 53. Competitive vs. noncompetitive immunoassay 53. Competitive vs. noncompetitive immunoassay
 +
 54. Labels used for nonisotopic immunoassay and their detection limits 54. Labels used for nonisotopic immunoassay and their detection limits
 +
 55. Heterogenous vs. homogenous immunoassay 55. Heterogenous vs. homogenous immunoassay
 +
 56. CEDIA and EMIT 56. CEDIA and EMIT
 +
 57. Homogenous polarization fluroimmunoassay 57. Homogenous polarization fluroimmunoassay
 +
 58. Principle of PCR 58. Principle of PCR
 +
 59. PCR optimization and primer design 59. PCR optimization and primer design
 +
 60. PCR contamination control 60. PCR contamination control
 +
 61. Hot start PCR 61. Hot start PCR
 +
 62. Asymmetric PCR 62. Asymmetric PCR
 +
 63. Allele specific PCR 63. Allele specific PCR
 +
 64. Single molecule PCR 64. Single molecule PCR
 +
 65. Isothermic PCR amplification based on transcription 65. Isothermic PCR amplification based on transcription
 +
 66. PCR application detection techniques 66. PCR application detection techniques
 +
 67. PCR amplicon discrimination techniques 67. PCR amplicon discrimination techniques
 +
 68. PCR-RFLP 68. PCR-RFLP
 +
 69. Single stranded conformation polymorphism for discrimination of PCR products 69. Single stranded conformation polymorphism for discrimination of PCR products
 +
 70. Denaturing gradient and temperature gradient electrophoresis for discrimination of PCR products 70. Denaturing gradient and temperature gradient electrophoresis for discrimination of PCR products
 +
 71. Dideoxy terminal sequencing of DNA principle and automated sequencing 71. Dideoxy terminal sequencing of DNA principle and automated sequencing
 +
 72. Emulsion PCR 72. Emulsion PCR
 +
 73. Bridge amplification 73. Bridge amplification
 +
 74. Absorbance melting curve of double helical nucleic acid 74. Absorbance melting curve of double helical nucleic acid
 +
 75. Dot-blot hybridization assay 75. Dot-blot hybridization assay
 +
 76. Two color DNA microarray 76. Two color DNA microarray
 +
 77. DNA copy number variation assay 77. DNA copy number variation assay
 +
 78. Single copy visualization assay 78. Single copy visualization assay
 +
 79. real time PCR with dsDNA binding dyes 79. real time PCR with dsDNA binding dyes
 +
 80. Real time monitoring of PCR and melting analysis 80. Real time monitoring of PCR and melting analysis
 +
 81. Detection, quantification and identification of amplicon in real time PCR 81. Detection, quantification and identification of amplicon in real time PCR
 +
 82. Common probes and dyes for realtime PCR 82. Common probes and dyes for realtime PCR
 +
 83. Microchip electrophoresis device 83. Microchip electrophoresis device
 +
 84. Automation in sample identification and data collection 84. Automation in sample identification and data collection
 +
 85. Automation in sample transporters 85. Automation in sample transporters
 +
 86. Describe components of a automated discrete analyser. 86. Describe components of a automated discrete analyser.
 +
 87. Use of barcoding in clinical laboratory 87. Use of barcoding in clinical laboratory
 +
 88. Components of Integrated automation system in clinical laboratory 88. Components of Integrated automation system in clinical laboratory
 +
 89. Advantages and disadvantages of POCT 89. Advantages and disadvantages of POCT
 +
 90. Ideal requirements of POCT 90. Ideal requirements of POCT
 +
 91. Classification of POCT devices 91. Classification of POCT devices
 +
 92. Principle of electrochemical glucose strip used in glucometers 92. Principle of electrochemical glucose strip used in glucometers
 +
 93. Principle of lateral flow immunoassay 93. Principle of lateral flow immunoassay
 +
 94. Principles of HbA1C POCT instruments 94. Principles of HbA1C POCT instruments
 +
 95. Assessing need for POCT servic 95. Assessing need for POCT servic
 +