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techniques [2023/10/29 17:24] – created quality_managertechniques [2025/01/08 16:15] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 2. Explain concept and application of Molar Absorptivity giving suitable examples. 2. Explain concept and application of Molar Absorptivity giving suitable examples.
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 +3. Draw diagram of a spectrophotometer. How double-beam-in-time spectrophotometer differ from double-beam-in-space spectrophotometer
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 +4. Light sources in analytical equipments 
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 +5. Spectral isolation in optical analytical equipments
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 +6. Wavelengh accuracy, spectral band width, stray light and photometric accuracy of optical analytical equipments
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 +7. Principle, instrumentation and use of atomic absorption spectrometry in clinical chemistry
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 +8. Zeeman correction in atomic absorption spectrometry
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 +9. Principle of flurometry and fluroscence polarization
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 +10. Components of flurometric equipment
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 +11. Principles of Luminecence, bioluminecence, chemiluminecence, enhanced chemileuminecence and electrochemileuminicence
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 +12. Principle and instrumentation of nephelometry and turbidimetry
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 +13. Potentiometry using Ion selective electrodes for H+, Na+, K+ and Cl-
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 +14. Potentiometry electrodes for pCO2
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 +15. Amperometric electrode for pO2
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 +16. Amperometric O2 based and H2O2 based glucose electrodes
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 +17. Potentiometric enzyme electrode for blood urea
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 +18. Biosensors – enzyme based and affinity based
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 +19. Affinity sensors for specific protein and DNA detection
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 +20. Electrophoresis support media
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 +21. Isoelectric focusing
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 +22. Principle of SDS PAGE
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 +23. Troubleshooting SDS PAGE
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 +24. Principle, instrumentation and uses of capillary electrophoresis
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 +25. Microchip electrophoresis
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 +26. Separation mechanisms used in chromatography
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 +27. Size exclusion chromatography
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 +28. Affinity chromatography
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 +29. Explain chromatographic resolution and efficiency
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 +30. Instrumentation of HPLC
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 +31. HPLC sample injector
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 +32. HPLC columns
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 +33. HPLC detectors
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 +34. Instrumentation of Gas Chromatography
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 +35. GC detectors
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 +36. Principle of electron and chemical ionization in mass spectrometer
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 +37. Electrospray Ionization for mass spectrometry
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 +38. MALDI mass spectrometry
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 +39. Principles of various mass analysers for mass spectrometry
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 +40. Quadruple mass analysers
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 +41. Magnetic sector mass analysers
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 +42. TOF mass analysers
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 +43. Quadrupole and linear ion trap mass analysers
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 +44. Tandom mass spectrometry
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 +45. Clinical applications of mass spectrometer
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 +46. Define isoenzymes. Explain genetic origin of isoenzymes. Enlist non-genetic modifications of enzymes 
 +resulting in isoforms.
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 +47. Measurement of enzymes by reaction rates
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 +48. Strategy for detection of above-linearity range ALT in automated chemistry analysers
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 +49. Traceability of enzyme measurement
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 +50. Enzymes as analytical reagents
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 +51. Monoclonal antibody productions
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 +52. Labeled immunochemical assays
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 +53. Competitive vs. noncompetitive immunoassay
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 +54. Labels used for nonisotopic immunoassay and their detection limits
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 +55. Heterogenous vs. homogenous immunoassay
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 +56. CEDIA and EMIT
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 +57. Homogenous polarization fluroimmunoassay
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 +58. Principle of PCR
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 +59. PCR optimization and primer design
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 +60. PCR contamination control
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 +61. Hot start PCR
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 +62. Asymmetric PCR
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 +63. Allele specific PCR
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 +64. Single molecule PCR
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 +65. Isothermic PCR amplification based on transcription
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 +66. PCR application detection techniques
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 +67. PCR amplicon discrimination techniques
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 +68. PCR-RFLP
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 +69. Single stranded conformation polymorphism for discrimination of PCR products
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 +70. Denaturing gradient and temperature gradient electrophoresis for discrimination of PCR products
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 +71. Dideoxy terminal sequencing of DNA principle and automated sequencing
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 +72. Emulsion PCR
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 +73. Bridge amplification
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 +74. Absorbance melting curve of double helical nucleic acid
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 +75. Dot-blot hybridization assay
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 +76. Two color DNA microarray
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 +77. DNA copy number variation assay
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 +78. Single copy visualization assay
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 +79. real time PCR with dsDNA binding dyes
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 +80. Real time monitoring of PCR and melting analysis
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 +81. Detection, quantification and identification of amplicon in real time PCR
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 +82. Common probes and dyes for realtime PCR
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 +83. Microchip electrophoresis device
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 +84. Automation in sample identification and data collection
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 +85. Automation in sample transporters
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 +86. Describe components of a automated discrete analyser.
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 +87. Use of barcoding in clinical laboratory
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 +88. Components of Integrated automation system in clinical laboratory
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 +89. Advantages and disadvantages of POCT
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 +90. Ideal requirements of POCT
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 +91. Classification of POCT devices
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 +92. Principle of electrochemical glucose strip used in glucometers
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 +93. Principle of lateral flow immunoassay
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 +94. Principles of HbA1C POCT instruments
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 +95. Assessing need for POCT servic
 +